Most of the time they both are considerd to be two different languages but they are lot different and their differences are listed below,
1) LANGAUGE VS ENVIRONMENT
NODE JS is not another programming language but a cross environment to run JS or JAVASCRIPT outside the browser where it utilizes the V8 engine to run the javascript.
JAVASCRIPT is a scripting language that needs a browser with javascript engine such as V8 or spidermonkey.(these are the various engines developed by various browsers).
2) USAGE IN WEB DEVELOPMENT
NODE JS is used mostly in the back-end of the web, at server side.
JAVASCRIPT is used at front-end to add dynamic interaction with the user,at client side.
3) INTERACTIONS
NODE JS could acess the files, Databases and API interactions.
JAVASCRIPT at front end basically deals with DOM manipulation and window objects.
4) MODULES USED
NODEJS use NPM package that offers a whole lot of different modules like IO packages, global to acess the list objects.
JAVASCRIPT uses packages that is specifically found inside the browser engine such as window to acess the browser objects.
5) ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
By using NODEJS we could control the environment which the code runs.
JAVASCRIPT runs on any browser so it is upto the client to use any browser of their choice.
Moreover we could say v8 engine was developed by using C coding language. Javascript runs on that engine when we see our NODEJS running outside the browser and on our OS environment.
We thus could be able to use the javascript language to write the server side codes without having to use python or ruby.
